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Phonetics
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Pragmatics
Pragmatics
Discourse Context
Semantics
History of English

1. Phonetics is the study of the sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds (phones), and their production and perception. Phonetics deals with the sounds themselves rather than the contexts in which they are used in languages. Phonetics has three main branches:

(1) Articulatory phoneticsconcerned with the positions and movements of the lips, tongue, vocal tract and folds and other speech organs in producing speech;

(2) Acoustic phoneticsconcerned with the properties of the sound waves and how they are received by the inner ear; and

(3) Auditory phoneticsconcerned with speech perception, principally how the brain forms perceptual representations of the input it receives.

2. Segmental Units(1) Production of Speech Sounds The production of any speech sound involves the movement of an air. Most speech sounds are produced by pushing lung air through the opening between the vocal cords, up the throat, and into the mouth or nose, and finally out of the body.

[hwp/pdf]임용고시(전공영어) 영어학(기본부터 심화까지) 총정리 (A4-92쪽)